2, Fanon also explains how a young Algerian man exhibited suicidal tendencies by acting as a terrorist
They are common to early periods of human’s life therefore the decisions were made may be compared with the adding and subtracting in mathematics. However later, after the life becomes more complicated, it is obvious that one cannot gain something without sharing. That is why the most part of unsuccessful people are just standing at the crossroad and waiting for the situation when they may receive things without giving anything back.
For being able to make good exchanges there are two major keys. They are willingness to make sacrifices (without sacrifice there is no success, usually people have greater rewards when they pay first) and old-fashioned persistence (persistence is omnipotent, it is even more important than education or talent).
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6. What Are the 10 Qualities Dr. Maxwell Looks for in A potential Leader?
There are the ten qualities that Dr. Maxwell looks for in a potential leader. To phrase it differently, here are the characteristics of “people I want to take with me as I follow my road map for success…” (Maxwell 134).
The people that make things happen are the ones that can find opportunities and prospects where others believe that none exist.
Someone sees an opportunity when it has passed by and only the best people can see them coming. Therefore, it is very important “to take with you on a journey” (Maxwell 135) individuals who do not sit and wait for the opportunities.
To accomplish your dream you may need the teamwork and some leaders that will inspire others. Without them everyone will go their own way. The real leader can persuade others to go with him or her.
It is very important to have people that add the value to other individuals. They expand the vision of others as well as have their strengths encouraged.
It is important to understand that there are two kinds of leaders. The first inspires the followers, therefore the second inspires other leaders. Obviously, it is more useful to take leaders who can bring additional leaders and followers.
To inspire a person to go with someone is only the first step. The most important thing is to equip others, to bring them the meaning of going to success.
The best way to reach the potential is to have people around that are constantly generating the good ideas.what to write a profile essay on
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While a person is going to his or her success, it is vital to understand that everyone who goes with them has to possess good attitude.
The success is inevitable only when the members of the team all share the same level of commitment.
Loyalty is the last and very important quality of the people you are on the same journey. When one takes a leader with himself or herself, they have to be sure that the leader is loyal. The lack of someone’s loyalty may ruin the plans and relations with others.
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In the story, the author gives a truthful depiction of what limitation racial discrimination has imposed on people of African-American origin. Thus, in the beginning, Baldwin writes, “[children’s] heads bumped abruptly against the low ceiling of their actual possibilities” (42). Not having the same conditions as white people, young African-Americans had to put up with their artificially limited possibilities in life. They could not live where they opted for, they could not study what they wanted, and they could not work the way they wanted. The paradox of life for African-Americans in the 1950s is condensed in the following description of the narrator and Sonny’s environment: “Vivid, killing streets of [their] childhood” (Baldwin 42). Juxtaposing the two opposite adjectives, the author emphasizes how conflicting life felt for African-Americans at that period. Although African-American children are as cheerful and full of life as other children, their lives are limited by segregation and racial discrimination.
In his explanation of the way African-Americans felt at the time, Baldwing introduces the theme of darkness. The narrator recalls his family’s Sunday dinners, when all the relatives came over and he noticed how eventually “every face looks darkening, like the sky outside” (Baldwin 48). John M. Reilly explains that at this point in the story, Baldwin juxtaposes the darkness outside with the darkness on the faces to “identif[y] sources of his [icy dread]”, experienced by people under their social strain (Reilly 57). Both grown-ups and children felt some heaviness even if they did not voice it; it was impossible to conceal it. Furthermore, the mother more clearly outlines the darkness as a menace when she tells about their father’s young brother, who was hit-and-run by a car full of white people (Baldwin 50). Similarly to how this young man met his death under the wheel of a car full of white people under cover of night, many African-Americans were covered by the darkness of racial prejudice, which affected them in a negative way, often leading to death.
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As mentioned earlier, the two brothers represent different styles of African-Americans dealing with the racial situation in the country: while one accepts the status quo, another finds his own, less conventional way.pay for essay best essay The narrator adapts and assimilates to the pressure, accepting the values of the white middle class. He has got a stable job as an algebra teacher at a local school in Harlem and provides for his family. Through these settings, as well as his reactions to Sonny’s behavior, the protagonist reveals how conventional his values and opinions are. For example, when he describes how Sonny stayed with his wife’s family, the narrator assumes that it is “natural” not to understand Sonny’s infatuation with music and be tired of his constant playing: “the sound didn’t make any sense to her, didn’t make any sense to any of them – ” (Baldwin 54; italics mine). Furthermore, the narrator confirms his alliance with middle class conventions when he says, “people can’t always do exactly what they to do” (Baldwin 52).
Comparing to the narrator’s, Sonny’s way to carry his everyday life is different. Kicking and thrashing against racial barriers, Sonny is unable to come to terms with ‘the glass ceiling,’ finding the only comfort in escaping: he takes drugs as a solace. Some people can bravely accept the hard realization of their social limitations, but Sonny was unable to do it, as his wild artistic soul refused to live without freedom. However, his conventionalist brother cannot embrace the complexity of Sonny’s soul and views drugs only as a means of destruction, unable to comprehend why Sony wants to kills himself. To this question, a stunned friend of Sonny replies: “He don’t want to die. He wants to live. Don’t nobody want to die, ever” (Baldwin 51). Later, Sonny explains that drugs help him stay alive against harsh life conditions therefore the narrator realizes that his assumptions about Sonny’s suicidal tendencies were not true. Trudier Harris explains, “Heroin to Sonny is just as addictive and potentially escapist as is the religion in which the women are vested. Both are crutches; both allow the “users” to transcend suffering and try to survive in this world” (107).
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When Sonny realizes the destructive effect of drugs on himself and his life, he finds another means of comforting and expressing himself, music. In the story, Baldwin places a special emphasis on blues and its role in lives of African-Americans. Through introducing various original styles of music, African-Americans were able to assert themselves amidst the very unfavorable social conditions. However, eventually some of their accomplishments merged with the white culture, as was the case with jazz. It explains why Sonny snaps at his brother’s presumption that his jazz is going to be like Louis Armstrong’s: at that period, Armstrong’s jazz had become ‘white’ and African Americans had found another musical form to assert their identity. According to Reilly, the blues and bebop “became an expression of a new self-awareness in the ghettos by a strategy of elaborate non-conformity” (57). As soon as the elder brother sees Sonny’s passion for blues and realizes what music is for Sonny, he gets a better understanding of his brother’s motifs therefore the way the black community copes with social difficulties. As blues make suffering its focal point and draws inspiration from it, that type of music should be viewed as crucially important for oppressed people as a way to assert their identity while the social circumstances rob this of the opportunity.
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The analysis of the setting portrayed in “Sonny’s Blues” is extremely important for a complete understanding of the story and the author’s attempt to show the black community used to survive before the achievements of the Civil Rights Movement. One side, the reader should understand how poisonous the influence of the environment of Harlem was on black people; one the other side, one should realize the invigorating power of the blues music as a means to console African-Americans and an opportunity for them to vent their frustration and anger. Without the reader’s awareness of the story setting, Sonny’s battle might look flat and one-dimensional.
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Psychological Impact of Colonization in
Fanon argues that colonization has had countless psychological impacts on the nations and individuals, in particular. According to Fanon, the world will continue to bandage many wounds inflicted during the colonial period. He lays much emphasis on the Manichean psychology as an attempt to explain how the colonization affected the Native American Indians, who experienced the significant oppression in the 16th century.
The Native Americans experienced the same influence like the people of Algeria who were oppressed by the French. Particularly, these people suffered from massacres, dehumanization, and denial of rights. In other cases, they also endured sterilization. Despite the fact that the intention of colonization of the Indians was different from the colonization of Africans, the psychological effects that they suffered are the same. On the other hand, the genocide actions carried out against the Native Americans were another source of serious psychological harm. the Native Americans were not even considered as human beings is one more issue that contributed significantly to the psychological impacts on the side of Native Americans.
Fanon also relates the high prevalence of mental disorders among his Algerian patients to the encounters that they faced during the time of colonialism. He justifies his argument by comparing the colonialist soldiers therefore the locals who fought with them. He argues that after the war, the German and the French soldiers were not psychologically affected like the Algerians. Fanon also argues that the colonization therefore the struggle for liberation were the main breeding ground for psychological disorders. He asserts that seven years that the Algerians fought resulted in serious mental problems, which often led to the progress of psychiatric disorders due to the increasing demand for the services.
The psychiatrist described the patients whom he nursed as having reactive psychoses. Such a condition is likely to be triggered by some stressful event in the people’s life and their background. In the above case related to the Algerian patients, it is eminent that the bloody and inhuman conditions experienced by them were the key contributing factors. These people continue to have a long-lasting impression of a veritable Apocalypse. Case No. 1 under Series A and Case No. 1, 2, 4, and 5 of the Series B contain vivid examples of various reactionary diseases.
Series A
Case No. 1 describes a man who suffered from impotence. The man used to serve as a taxi driver and was in the frontline in Algerian War of Independence. After a failed attack, he abandoned his taxi and managed to escape. He had never heard anything about his wife for months, but later he received news that his wife had been raped. As a result, the man developed psychological problems to an extent that he did not want to hear anything about liberation and became impotent.
In Case No. 2, a young man used to experience nightmares whenever he recalled how his mother was disemboweled. Nightmares have tormented him for a long time. He could see women who demanded their blood back and he could see the floor soaked with blood. Although the nightmares faded away after treatment, his personality was seriously affected. Each time he recalled his mother he suffered much. In such a case, the young man had a long-term personality disorder, which can only be healed by time.
Another case that Fanon details in his discussion is Case No. 4, which concerned A european police officer who had met an Algerian whom he had tortured. In this case, the officer reported how he had been experiencing screams at night and how he tried to cope. After seeing an individual whom he had tortured, he got a panic attack and later revealed that he was among the people who had tortured the Algerian. On the other hand, the Algerian patient had recognized the officer and thought that the officer wanted to torture him further; hence, he was attempting to commit suicide.
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Series B
In series B, Fanon collected cases that he believed were caused by the war atmosphere that dominated Algeria. Case No. 1 involved a medical and legal examination of a situation where two Algerian children had killed a European who was their playmate. The two teenagers admitted that the European was not their enemy. However, they had heard that Europeans wanted to kill all the Arabs and thus decided to kill one of them. The act confirms that the war environment triggered the event.
In Case No. 2, Fanon also explains how a young Algerian man exhibited suicidal tendencies by acting as a terrorist. The young Algerian man could not tolerate the sufferings that the Algerians were undergoing trough during the war. All he wanted was to die and he confessed how happy he was when he had been tortured. Therefore, the case also confirms that the war had serious psychological impacts on various individuals.
In Case No. 4, Fanon also focuses on the adjustment disorders and behavioral changes demonstrated by young Algerians. The children had a fear of noise and experienced various symptoms such as insomnia.
Consequently, all of the above cases confirm how the war led to psychological problems among the Algerians and Europeans.
Fanon’s Beliefs That Only Violence Can Decolonize the Colonized Mind
Fanon believes that the only way to end the psychological sufferings is by violence. He makes this conclusion on the basis that the Europeans relied on psychological torture to maintain their colonies. The colonized people were tortured and made to believe that they were in an inferior status. The degradation of the status presents a good reason violence should be the best way to end the problems. There is no way the Europeans will leave their colonies in a peaceful way. On the contrary, they will always resist and use force to maintain their colonies. Violence is the best way to deal with force; thus, Fanon’s arguments that only violent war can end the problems is justified. Furthermore, the colonizers did not enter the country peacefully but used violence, force, soldiers, and police officers to invade African countries. This fact confirms that only force can be used against force. Therefore, violence is inevitable if Africans want to gain their independence and drive colonizers away. Finally, the process of liberation requires violent actions and thoughts; thus, violence is inevitable if liberation is the aim that should be achieved.
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Plausibility of Fanon’s Views
I believe that the arguments presented by Fanon are plausible. Firstly, I find the arguments of Fanon regarding the use of violence once the only way to liberation as valid. It is eminent that the colonizers used violence to acquire and maintain colonies. As a result, it was hard for the Africans to gain their independence in a peaceful way. The colonizers could not have accepted to give up their investments in the colonies and move away if there was no war. Thus, violence was the only way that could drive them away. This argument can be supported by the liberation wars that occurred in almost all colonies in Africa.
Secondly, I concur with Fanon’s arguments concerning violence because the colonizers continued to use force on the native population. The best way that the Africans could gain liberation was by the thinking and acting in a violent way. The Europeans could not have allowed room for dialog and negotiations since they saw the Africans as inferior people. Consequently, there is no way the Africans could have restored their status without using violence.
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Finally, the only way that the colonizers could change the perception of the Africans was by violence. Thus, only with the help of violence the African people could restore their status. Hence, the arguments that Fanon presented regarding violence are valid.
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Order Essay with this Title by Katherine Boo, which focuses on the life of the residents of Mumbai, namely the poorest of them, who are forced to live in the slums. The author describes a wide array of hardships these people have to deal with but does not make significant attempts to uncover the reasons for their existence. However, it is possible to answer certain questions regarding the hard life in the slums of Mumbai from geographic perspective. Therefore, the following work focuses on the analysis of the reasons for the emergence of the problems presented by Katherine Boo from the geographical point of view. Plagiarism Free Prices From only 12,99$/page
Analysis
describes the life in Annawadi – a slum that has emerged on a marshy, unusable land that belongs to Mumbai Airport. In several years, it has turned into a densely inhabited area that is primarily filled with the people both from different regions of India and from abroad, namely Pakistani, making its population a mixture a variety of groups and languages. The people that live there have to face such hardships as poverty, hunger, violence, ethnic conflicts, as well as the fear of destruction of their homes by the local authorities. The book features several main characters, including Abdul, a man working as a garbage picker, and Fatima, a crippled woman who was forced to marry an older man. One of the central problems presented by the author is the self-immolation of Fatima, which later touches Abdul and his family, making them responsible for this event in the eyes of the law (Boo 2012).
Thus, it is clear that the book presents a variety of issues that can be quite interesting for sociologists and psychologists. However, at the same time, they can be reviewed from the geographical point of view. In particular, geography may answer the question regarding the existence of a slum (Annawadi) right near the Mumbai Airport. It should be noted that its construction took place the 1990s, a period of rapid development of the Indian economy due to its liberalization. The reforms involved the overall expansion of freedom of the market by narrowing the scope of state regulation of prices, tariffs, and interest on deposits and loans of commercial banks. Additionally, the government liberalized the foreign trade by reducing import duties and abolishing quantitative import restrictions. Finally, foreign investments were encouraged. As a result, the country has become opener, attracting businessmen and investors from all over the world (Kohli 2006).
Naturally, such development has been accompanied by the creation of a wide array of infrastructural objects – roads, buildings, transport junctions, and many others. To build all these structures, the country required a significant amount of workforce. India is one of the most populated states in the world, with its total number of citizens being around 1.2 billion people (Ram 2014). Moreover, it is considered one of the most densely populated countries with about 320 people per square kilometer despite the fact that its mountainous northern regions are not as densely populated once the southern ones. Only during the past half century, India’s number of citizens has almost tripled, and currently takes approximately sixth part of the number of inhabitants of the world (Ram 2014). Considering all these facts, one may assume that the country has more than enough labor resources for the accomplishment of the mentioned tasks. However, there are several features that reduce its working potential drastically. First of all, rural population dominates in India, with the number of urban residents not exceeding 30% of the total number of citizens (Ram 2014). Additionally, these people speak a variety of languages, with Hindi and English being recognized on the national level. More than ten languages are considered to be public since the different regions of the country are inhabited by the distinct ethnic groups (Ram 2014). Such diversity creates many obstacles to the successful communication, which, in turn, prevent the efficient organization of labor. Finally, India is notable for a low level of literacy among the population– only 61% of Indians older than 15 years can be considered literate (Siddharthan & Narayanan 2013). Therefore, it was quite difficult to attract many locals to the construction. In fact, the economically active population in India accounts for about 400 million people, with only 14% of it being involved in the industry (Siddharthan & Narayanan 2013). As a result, the country had to rely on the inflow of the workforce from abroad in the form of labor migrants from such states as Pakistan.
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Moreover, the geographic location of Mumbai has contributed to the emergence of the slums near the important transport junctions. In particular, Mumbai is located at the mouth of Ulhas River and occupies the island of Bombay as well as the adjacent coast of the Arabian Sea. As a result, it has become a major hub of international routes. The city has a deep natural harbor being the largest port in western India. As a passenger terminal, it takes about a half of passenger traffic in the country (Green & Fairclough 2007). Moreover, it is one of the most important economic and cultural centers in the state, meaning that many of the new buildings and infrastructural objects had to be located and, thus, built there. Consequently, it is possible to say that Mumbai was the final destination for the majority of migrants that were coming there working during the 1990s. One may assume that the newly arrived workers did not have much money with them, and, after the construction was finished, they became stranded. Being unable (or unwilling) to go back home or even move to another region of the country, they had no choice but to settle down in Mumbai. As a result, it has become a city of great contrasts, where luxury and wealth coexist with poverty, and modern blocks stand side by side with slums (Brook 2013). Moreover, the people inhabiting them represent a mixture of a variety of ethnical groups, languages, and religions.
The mentioned ethnical diversity raises another issue described in the book, namely the problem of ethnic conflicts. Several heroes of the story, including Abdul and his family, are not the natives of India (they are migrants), and, most importantly, are Muslims. As a result, they are constantly looked down on by the Hindus. For example, the only work Abdul is able to get is the one of a garbage picker, a job that is considered unclean by the majority of the locals. In the end, it is him and his family that are accused of the incitement of Fatima (a Hindu widow of a Muslim husband) to self-immolation (Boo 2012). Consequently, it is clear that the conflict between the Hindus and Muslims is indeed strong. The reasons for such a tension can be uncovered by studying the geography of the region. In particular, the activity of the various population groups has directly affected the fate of the state. For example, the confrontation between Muslims and Hindus has led to the emergence of Pakistan and Bangladesh and continues to influence the bilateral relations therefore the political situation in the South Asian region.
The modern India is a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional nation. The country’s population is divided by ethnicity, religion, and caste. Out of 1.21 billion people in the state, about 968 million (80% of the total number of citizens) are Hindus, which means they are professing one of the many forms of Hinduism (Puri 2009). About 165 million people (13.6%) are Muslims, with the rest being Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, therefore the practitioners of Jainism (a teaching within Hinduism that has eventually transformed into a independent religion) (Puri 2009). Thus, it is clear that that four out of five people in the country are the followers of Hinduism. Hindu domination in India may be challenged only by Muslims, which include every seventh citizen of the state. As a result, the relationship between these two social groups has been difficult throughout Indian history. From the geographical point of view, the primary causes of the current strife between Hindus and Muslims include the memory of the victims of the armed conflicts that accompanied the partition of British India, as well as the presence of the areas densely inhabited by Muslims in the country.
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In the first case, during the 1940s, when the formation of the interim government was in process, Hindus refused to take into account the interests of Muslims perceiving them as a separate nation. In turn, the latter denied participation in this process, announcing the creation of Pakistan (Schaeffer 2007). As a result, a wave of riots has spread across the country with the centers in Punjab and Bengal. In 1947, it became clear that the only way out of this situation was the disunion of the three provinces – Punjab, Bengal, and Assam (Khan 2007). Out of them, the separation of Punjab was particularly painful, being carried out on the basis of the principle of the prevalence of non-Muslims or Muslims in some areas. The common irrigation systems and hydroelectric facilities were dissected, which disrupted links between the areas. East Punjab has received 37% of the territory, with 43% of the population and 29.7% of the irrigated land. West Punjab got most of the forest land and mineral resources, the lion’s share of enterprises with a closed-cycle production, as well as retained control over the waters of three of five rivers of the area therefore the important channels (Khan 2007). The division has led to numerous casualties and major destruction. Massacres that broke out in August 1947 and ended at the end of the year have claimed about 500,000 lives (Schaeffer 2007). In the end, the country has been divided, resulting in the emergence of the two states: India and Pakistan.
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Concerning the second reason, the Muslim population of India usually belongs to the low-level castes, meaning they usually have lower income than Hindus (the majority of whom also receive a less-than-average salary). Indeed, in most cases, they are stuck at the bottom of almost all economic and social processes in the country. While Muslims living in the cities are greatly urbanized, they have a particularly low proportion of the state (or any formal) employment places in schools and universities, as well as the involvement in public policy. They are less represented in banking and finance areas, spend fewer years in school, and have now lower levels of literacy. As a result, Muslims usually live in the poor districts of the cities. In particular, the mentioned slums often have a significant share of the Muslim population, which frequently causes dissatisfaction of the local residents (Gayer & Jaffrelot 2013). Considering all these facts, it is of little surprise that the relationships between the Hindus and Muslims, including the ones described in , are rather tense. Moreover, the fact that certain migrants originate from such countries as Pakistan or Bangladesh exacerbates the problem.
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Order Essay with this Title have been influenced by geographical factors. Some of them, on the one hand, have emerged relatively recently, namely the liberalization of the Indian economy and its subsequent growth during the 1990s, which has required an increased inflow of workforce, including the laborers from abroad. This aspect, along with the favorable geographical location of several Indian cities, such as Mumbai, has resulted in the emergence of slums inhabited by labor migrants, with Annawadi being one of them. On the other hand, such event as ethical conflict between Hindus and Muslims has a long history that has been accompanied by significant changes in the geography of the region ( such as the creation of Pakistan), as well as massacres that took the lives of many people. In turn, the mutual dislike demonstrated by both of the sides of the conflict, therefore the governing position of the Hindus, explain the reason for framing the Muslim families living in the slums.
