Not absolutely all product which was taped had been coded. As our focus ended up being on scripted development, we excluded day-to-day news broadcasts, game shows, sports programs and activities, and paid development, along with all types of commercials as well as other promotions ( e.g., teasers for system programs). Although music videos had been taped, they certainly were coded and analyzed separately because of the unique faculties and therefore are maybe not reported right here. The analyses delivered in this paper, nevertheless, do are the nonmusic video clip programming from cable music entertainment channels including talk programs, variety/comedy shows, and truth programs. In addition, reveals that had been incomplete because they started before 3:00 p.m. or ended after 11:00 p.m. are not coded. Finally, episode repeats had been eradicated through the test.
The sample that is final the 2001 2002 period contains 1,276 unique system episodes, whereas the last test for the 2002 2003 period included 1,439 unique system episodes. The sample for the 2nd content analysis ended up being notably bigger than the initial 12 months’s test that we had three episodes of each nonsyndicated series as we made a concerted effort in year 2 to ensure. Despite strict adherence towards the sampling plan, extra taping ended up being required whenever, as an example, brand new programs entered the autumn lineup following the start of year to replace for cancelled programs or as soon as the time and time slot for a set ended up being changed.
Measures
The codebook for the bigger research had been based considerably from the factors manufactured by Kunkel and peers (1999, 2001, 2003) inside their content analyses conducted for the Kaiser Family Foundation. We created extra products, including those on exact exact same intercourse intimate behavior and sexual talk associated with nonheterosexuals. In comparison to Kunkel and peers, who used the scene once the unit that is primary of, our content analyses involved coding for intimate content in 2 moment periods of system time. Because scenes vary significantly in total and, hence, try not to provide a continuing device of measure in making evaluations across programs, we utilized a coding that is standard according to time. Coding news development in designated time periods has been utilized usually by other researchers conducting analyses that are content different system genres including films, detergent operas, and music videos (Hazan, Lipton, & Glantz, sex cam chat 1994; Lowery, 1980; Roberts, Christenson, Henriksen, & Bandy, 2002; Roberts, Henriksen, & Christenson, 1999; Sommers Flanagan, Sommers Flanagan, & Davis, 1993; Stockwell & Glantz, 1997; Terre, Drabman, & Speer, 1991).
For purposes with this content analysis, intercourse had been understood to be any depiction of sex, sexually suggestive behavior, or any speak about sex or sex. To be conservative and prevent overcoding sexual content, communications about intercourse were differentiated from nonsexual communications associated with love and relationships, that have been perhaps not coded. For instance, a declaration such as “I adore my boyfriend” wouldn’t be coded whereas a declaration such as “I made want to my boyfriend” will be coded.
Exact exact exact Same intercourse behavior that is sexual
Every 2 moment period that were coded as containing a minumum of one types of sexual intercourse tracked in the main coding task flirting, kissing, intimate touching, intercourse suggested, sexual activity depicted, as well as other intimate behavior 2 has also been examined for the presence of exact same sex intimate behavior. For this product, programmers used a yes/no response format to point whether some of the sexual behavior depicted into the period took place between a couple associated with the exact same intercourse.
Speak about nonheterosexual intimate problems
Each 2 minute period that have been coded as containing one or more example of talk through the intimate talk groups utilized in the key coding task ( e.g., feedback about own/others’ sexual actions or passions, speak about sexual activity which has already occurred, speak about sex crimes) has also been coded for whether some of the intimate talk regarding nonheterosexuals. Because of this product, programmers again utilized a yes/no response format to point whether any of the talk that is sexual the intimate passions or issues of nonheterosexual persons. Usually, such feedback linked to gays and lesbians, although periodically they certainly were connected with bisexuals.
